US IPO Pipeline SEC S-1 Filings — September 18, 2026

IPO Pipeline

By Gunpowder Editorial ·

11 high priority 11 total filings analysed

Executive Summary

The IPO pipeline is experiencing a surge of activity with 11 filings on September 18, 2026, spanning biotech, SPAC, technology, and industrial sectors. A dominant theme is the influx of clinical-stage biopharmaceutical companies (5 of 11 filings) all in pre-revenue stages with widening losses, signaling high cash burn and dilution risk.

The SPAC merger between Kensington Capital and Nth Cycle highlights continued de-SPAC activity, while Fold Holdings' S-1 reveals a $25M equity line with insider conflict concerns. Period-over-period data shows deteriorating financial health across pre-revenue biotechs, with aggregate net losses increasing 26.8% YoY for Lakewood-Amedex and 33.3% for BioStem. However, the presence of a non-binding interest from Eli Lilly in TRex Bio's IPO provides a bullish anchor for the biotech cohort. The pipeline is heavily weighted toward early-stage, high-risk companies with going concern uncertainties, but the diversity of sectors—from critical minerals (SmartKem/Ferrox) to AI infrastructure (Nscale/Arkon Energy)—offers selective alpha opportunities for investors willing to navigate the risk.

Materiality, sentiment, and priority are scored by Gunpowder’s analysis pipeline. How we score filings →

Filing types in this digest: S-1

Tracking the trend? Catch up on the prior US IPO Pipeline SEC S-1 Filings digest from September 11, 2026.

Investment Signals (10)

  • TRex Bio ↓ (BULLISH)
    ▲

    Eli Lilly's non-binding interest to purchase up to 19.9% of post-IPO stock signals strategic validation; Phase 1b data for TRB-061 expected mid-2027 with atopic dermatitis market potential

  • $25M equity line from Roth Principal Investments over 36 months provides capital runway, but conflict of interest under FINRA Rule 5121 and potential dilution of up to 51.2M shares

  • SPAC merger with critical minerals recycler aligns with EV/battery supply chain tailwinds; redomicile to Delaware improves corporate governance

  • ▲

    IPO on NYSE under 'NSCL' with Arkon Energy assets positions it in high-growth AI data center infrastructure; corporate reorganization completed May 2026

  • Business combination agreement signed August 3, 2026, targeting critical minerals sector; no financials disclosed yet, but sector tailwinds from US mining policy

  • ▲

    Regained Nasdaq compliance on August 14, 2026, but still faces delisting risk if bid price falls below $1.00 by November 9, 2026; reverse stock split (1:15) implemented August 28, 2026

  • ▲

    Controlled company structure allows exemption from independent director requirements, reducing governance standards; $5.4M judgment and $26.5M in pending claims create ~$17M net exposure

  • Material weakness in internal controls and restated FY2025 financials raise accounting red flags; next-gen PDE-5 inhibitor pipeline is early-stage

  • ▲

    Net loss widened 26.8% YoY to $5.2M in H1 2026; accumulated deficit of $68.5M with zero revenue; cash burn accelerating with no near-term catalyst

  • Net loss increased 33.3% YoY to $1.6M in H1 2026; zero revenue and going concern uncertainty; customer concentration risk with one customer in FY2024/2025

Risk Flags (8)

  • Must maintain bid price above $1.00 through November 9, 2026; failed reverse split (1:15) and prior equity rule non-compliance indicate structural weakness

  • $5.4M Singapore judgment against subsidiary VME AP (under appeal), $11.5M contingent payment obligation, and $26.5M in pending claims; net potential exposure ~$17M vs likely limited equity

  • Material weakness in internal controls and restated FY2025 financials; IPO will face heightened SEC scrutiny and auditor skepticism

  • Net loss grew 26.8% YoY to $5.2M in H1 2026; accumulated deficit $68.5M; no revenue and no disclosed partnership or non-dilutive funding

  • Net loss $1.6M in H1 2026 (up 33.3% YoY); zero revenue; substantial doubt about ability to continue; customer concentration amplifies risk

  • Roth Principal Investments (affiliate of Roth Capital Partners) is both buyer and broker; FINRA Rule 5121 conflict; potential for price manipulation or unfavorable terms

  • Relies on up to 7 customers for majority of revenue; any loss of a key customer would severely impact financials; accumulated deficit not quantified but flagged

  • Majority stockholder will control voting power post-IPO; exemptions from independent board, compensation committee, and director nomination requirements reduce minority protections

Opportunities (8)

  • ◆

    Non-binding interest from Eli Lilly for up to 19.9% of IPO provides strong validation; Phase 1b atopic dermatitis data in mid-2027 could be a major catalyst; IPO pricing likely attractive given early stage

  • IPO on NYSE with Arkon Energy assets taps into AI data center demand; corporate reorganization completed May 2026 positions for growth; UK-based but US-listed offers diversification

  • SPAC merger with critical minerals recycler addresses EV battery supply chain; no deal terms disclosed yet, but sector tailwinds from IRA and US critical minerals policy; potential for favorable valuation

  • Merger with Ferrox targets critical minerals; SmartKem's existing public listing provides a faster path to market; sector tailwinds from US mining policy and rare earth demand

  • If it survives the November 9, 2026 bid price deadline, the Lokahi Therapeutics merger provides a new pipeline; currently priced for distress, offering asymmetric upside

  • Equity line provides capital for bitcoin accumulation; if bitcoin rallies, the stock could appreciate significantly; Roth's 36-month commitment reduces immediate dilution pressure

  • Despite zero revenue in H1 2026, FY2025 showed revenue growth (from FY2024); if the trend reverses in H2 2026, the stock could re-rate; IPO pricing may be depressed

  • Next-gen PDE-5 inhibitor for hypertension/CVD is a large market; if Phase 1 data is positive, the stock could see significant upside; accounting issues may be resolved post-IPO

Sector Themes (5)

  • Biotech IPO Wave with Widening Losses
    ◆

    5 of 11 filings are pre-revenue biotechs (TRex Bio, Retension, Lakewood-Amedex, BioStem, Glucotrack); aggregate net losses increased 26-33% YoY, indicating accelerating cash burn; Eli Lilly's interest in TRex Bio provides a rare anchor, but most face going concern risks

  • Critical Minerals and AI Infrastructure Gain Traction
    ◆

    3 filings (Kensington/Nth Cycle, SmartKem/Ferrox, Nscale/Arkon) target critical minerals and AI data centers, reflecting policy tailwinds from IRA and CHIPS Act; these are capital-intensive but offer long-term growth

  • SPAC Activity Continues but with Governance Improvements
    ◆

    Kensington Capital's S-4 for Nth Cycle includes redomicile to Delaware, a positive governance trend; however, no deal terms disclosed, suggesting valuation negotiations are ongoing

  • Controlled Company Structures Raise Governance Concerns
    ◆

    VME Companies' reliance on controlled company exemptions highlights a trend of IPOs with reduced governance standards; investors should demand premium for such structures

  • Equity Line Financing as a Double-Edged Sword
    ◆

    Fold Holdings' $25M equity line provides capital but with conflict of interest and dilution; this structure is becoming more common for cash-strapped companies but carries significant risks

Watch List (8)

  • Monitor bid price compliance through November 9, 2026; any dip below $1.00 could trigger delisting; watch for further reverse splits or capital raises

  • IPO pricing and Eli Lilly's final participation; Phase 1b data for TRB-061 in atopic dermatitis expected mid-2027; watch for IND filing for TRB-071 in H1 2027

  • De-SPAC merger vote and valuation disclosure; watch for any material changes in deal terms or redemptions

  • NYSE listing timeline and IPO pricing; watch for financial disclosures in subsequent amendments; Arkon Energy's operating metrics will be key

  • Roth Principal Investments' share purchases and any insider selling; monitor bitcoin price correlation and dilution rate

  • Outcome of Singapore appeal on $5.4M judgment; seawater treatment plant settlement progress by end of 2026; watch for any new litigation

  • SEC review of restated FY2025 financials; any auditor changes or delays in IPO timeline would be red flags

  • Cash runway and any partnership announcements; if no revenue by FY2027, going concern risk intensifies

Filing Analyses (11)
Glucotrack, Inc. S-1 mixed materiality 9/10

18-09-2026

Glucotrack, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement on September 17, 2026, following a business combination with Lokahi Therapeutics, Inc. The company recently regained Nasdaq compliance with the Equity Rule after falling below the $2.5 million minimum stockholders' equity requirement, and implemented a 1-for-15 reverse stock split on August 28, 2026 to address bid price compliance. However, the company still faces significant risks including potential delisting if it fails to maintain a closing bid price above $1.00 through November 9, 2026, and its ability to remain a going concern is uncertain.

  • · The S-1 registration statement was filed on September 17, 2026, with a prospectus date of 2026.
  • · The business combination with Lokahi Therapeutics closed on July 14, 2026.
  • · The company regained compliance with the Equity Rule on August 14, 2026, subject to conditions including holding an annual meeting and obtaining stockholder approval for a reverse stock split by August 18, 2026.
  • · The reverse stock split was implemented on August 28, 2026 at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time.
  • · The company must maintain a closing bid price at or above $1.00 for each trading day until November 9, 2026.
  • · The offering involves a high degree of risk as stated in the prospectus.
Kensington Capital Acquisition Corp. VI S-4 neutral materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Kensington Capital Acquisition Corp. VI filed an S-4 registration statement on September 18, 2026, in connection with its proposed business combination with Nth Cycle, Inc. The SPAC intends to redomicile from the Cayman Islands to Delaware and rename itself 'Nth Cycle Holdings, Inc.' The filing includes financial data for periods up to June 30, 2026, but does not disclose specific transaction values or operating metrics for the target company.

  • · The filing is an S-4 registration statement filed on September 17, 2026.
  • · The company is a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company.
  • · The business combination involves a change of jurisdiction from Cayman Islands to Delaware.
  • · The post-combination entity will be named Nth Cycle Holdings, Inc.
  • · The filing includes financial data for periods up to June 30, 2026.
  • · The company has public warrants and private placement warrants outstanding.
  • · The sponsor holds Class B common shares and private placement warrants.
  • · The company has assets held in trust as of December 31, 2025 and June 30, 2026.
VME Companies, Inc. S-1 mixed materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

VME Companies, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC on September 17, 2026, for an initial public offering. The filing discloses that the company will be a 'controlled company' under Nasdaq rules, with a majority of voting power held by a single stockholder after the offering, allowing it to exempt itself from certain independent director and committee requirements. The filing also details significant litigation exposure, including a $5.4 million judgment against a subsidiary, a $11.5 million contingent payment obligation, and pending claims of approximately $26.5 million, creating a net potential exposure of about $17 million.

  • · The company intends to rely on exemptions from Nasdaq rules requiring a majority independent board, an entirely independent compensation committee, and director nominees selected solely by independent directors.
  • · The seawater treatment plant project settlement requires payments and vendor releases to be completed by the end of 2026, with no accrual recorded due to contingent nature and remaining performance conditions.
  • · VME AP is appealing the $5.4 million judgment in Singapore.
  • · The company faces risks from potential loss of tax disputes, which could materially increase taxes on worldwide earnings.
  • · The filing notes that the company is an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
Fold Holdings, Inc. S-1 mixed materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Fold Holdings, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC on September 18, 2026, covering the resale of up to 51,229,508 shares of common stock by Roth Principal Investments, which has committed to purchase up to $25,000,000 of shares over a 36-month period. The company will not receive proceeds from the resale but may receive up to $25,000,000 in gross proceeds from sales to Roth, which could cause dilution to existing stockholders. The offering involves a conflict of interest as Roth Principal Investments is an affiliate of Roth Capital Partners, the executing broker, and the company's common stock is listed on Nasdaq under the symbol 'FLD.'

  • · The Purchase Agreement was entered into on September 4, 2026, with a 36-month commitment period.
  • · The maximum number of shares that could be sold to Roth Principal Investments is approximately 51,229,508 shares, based on the purchase price formula.
  • · Roth Principal Investments is an affiliate of Roth Capital Partners, creating a conflict of interest under FINRA Rule 5121.
  • · Sales to Roth Principal Investments may cause substantial dilution to existing stockholders and could negatively impact the stock price.
  • · The company may need additional capital beyond the $25,000,000 commitment, potentially requiring equity or debt financing.
  • · The company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share.
SmartKem, Inc. S-1 neutral materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

SmartKem, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC on September 18, 2026, for a proposed public offering of securities. The filing incorporates a Business Combination Agreement dated August 3, 2026, with Ferrox Critical Minerals, Ltd. and SMTK Merger Sub Inc., indicating a planned merger. The registration statement includes consents from independent accounting firms Marcum LLP and CBIZ CPAs P.C., and a power of attorney designating CFO Barbra C. Keck as attorney-in-fact. No financial figures or offering details are disclosed in this excerpt.

  • · The S-1 filing was made on September 18, 2026, with a prior filing on July 21, 2026.
  • · A Business Combination Agreement was signed on August 3, 2026, with Ferrox Critical Minerals, Ltd. and SMTK Merger Sub Inc.
  • · Consents from independent registered public accounting firms Marcum LLP (PCAOB ID #688) and CBIZ CPAs P.C. (PCAOB ID #199) are included.
  • · Barbra C. Keck is appointed as attorney-in-fact for amendments to the registration statement.
  • · The filing includes standard undertakings for post-effective amendments and liability provisions under the Securities Act of 1933.
TRex Bio, Inc. S-1 neutral materiality 9/10

18-09-2026

TRex Bio, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement on September 18, 2026, for its initial public offering of common stock to be listed on Nasdaq under the symbol 'TRXB'. The company is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical firm focused on tissue Treg biology for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, with lead candidates TRB-061 (Phase 1a/b) and TRB-071 (IND-enabling). Eli Lilly has indicated a non-binding interest to purchase shares up to 19.9% of post-IPO outstanding stock, though the offering price and number of shares remain undisclosed.

  • · TRexBio is an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company, electing reduced reporting requirements.
  • · The company expects to announce topline Phase 1b data for TRB-061 in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in mid-2027.
  • · TRB-071 is expected to enter Phase 1 trial in first half of 2027, subject to regulatory allowance.
  • · The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase additional shares from the company.
  • · No public market currently exists for the shares; listing on Nasdaq Global Select Market is contingent on offering completion.
Retension Pharmaceuticals, Inc. S-1 neutral materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Retension Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing RTN-001, a next-generation PDE-5 inhibitor for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, has filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC for its initial public offering of common stock. The company is an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company, and has identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting, including a restatement of its fiscal year 2025 financial statements. No public market currently exists for its shares, and the offering is subject to completion.

  • · The company has restated its consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, to correct an error.
  • · A material weakness in internal control over financial reporting has been identified.
  • · The company has elected to comply with reduced reporting requirements as an emerging growth company and smaller reporting company.
  • · The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase additional shares at the initial public offering price less underwriting discounts.
  • · The company's principal executive offices are located at 1104 West Broad Street #1029, Falls Church, Virginia 22046.
Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. S-1 neutral materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Greenwave Technology Solutions, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement on September 18, 2026, for a proposed IPO. The filing includes financial data for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, as well as interim periods in 2025 and 2026. The company has a significant accumulated deficit and relies on a small number of customers for a large portion of its revenue.

  • · The filing includes balance sheet data as of December 31, 2024, December 31, 2025, and June 30, 2026.
  • · Income statement data is provided for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and 2025, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2026.
  • · The company has identified up to seven significant customers (Customer One through Customer Seven) for accounts receivable and revenue concentration.
  • · No single supplier accounted for a significant portion of accounts payable or cost of goods sold.
  • · The company has various classes of stock including Series A1 Preferred Stock, Series D Preferred Stock, and Common Stock.
  • · The filing includes details on convertible debt securities, employee stock options, and warrants.
  • · Intangible assets include licenses, customer lists, and intellectual property.
BIOSTEM TECHNOLOGIES S-1 mixed materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

BioStem Technologies, Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC on September 18, 2026, for a proposed initial public offering. The filing includes financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2026, and the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, showing a net loss of $1.6 million for the first half of 2026, compared to a net loss of $1.2 million in the same period of 2025. The company has significant accumulated deficits and going concern uncertainties, with revenue growth in 2025 but continued losses.

  • · The company has no revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
  • · The company has an accumulated deficit and has incurred losses since inception, raising substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.
  • · The company has a concentration of revenue from one customer for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
  • · The company has outstanding Series A-1 and Series B-1 convertible preferred shares, common stock, and warrants.
  • · The company entered into a bridge loan agreement in 2018 and has notes payable outstanding as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.
  • · The company has operating leases for additional office space, with lease terms extending through May 2027.
  • · The company granted stock options and restricted stock units under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan.
  • · The company has property and equipment including land, buildings, machinery, and equipment, with depreciation methods and useful lives disclosed.
  • · The company has a concentration of credit risk related to accounts receivable from one customer.
  • · The company has unrecognized tax benefits and a valuation allowance due to Section 382 limitations.
Lakewood-Amedex Biotherapeutics Inc. S-1 mixed materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Lakewood-Amedex Biotherapeutics Inc. filed an S-1 registration statement with the SEC on September 18, 2026, for an initial public offering. The company, a pharmaceutical preparations firm focused on biotherapeutics, reported a net loss of $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to a net loss of $4.1 million in the same period of 2025, reflecting a 26.8% increase in losses. As of June 30, 2026, the company had an accumulated deficit of $68.5 million and no revenue, highlighting its pre-revenue stage and ongoing cash burn.

  • · The company has no revenue and is in the pre-revenue stage.
  • · As of June 30, 2026, the company had an accumulated deficit of $68.5 million.
  • · The filing includes financial data for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, as well as full years 2025 and 2024.
  • · The company's common stock is proposed to be listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker LABT.
NSCALE Ltd S-1 neutral materiality 8/10

18-09-2026

Nscale Limited, an England and Wales private company and ultimate holding company of Arkon Energy, filed a Form S-1 with the SEC on September 18, 2026, for an initial public offering of ordinary shares. The company plans to list on the NYSE under the symbol 'NSCL' and will re-register as Nscale plc prior to the offering. The filing includes audited consolidated financial statements and details a corporate reorganization consummated in May 2026, but the offering size, price range, and other financial terms are not yet disclosed in the preliminary prospectus.

  • · The corporate reorganization was consummated on May 4, 2026 and May 5, 2026, making Nscale Limited the ultimate holding company of Arkon Energy.
  • · The company intends to apply to list on the NYSE under the symbol 'NSCL'.
  • · The company will re-register as a public limited company and change its legal name to Nscale plc prior to the offering.
  • · The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase additional ordinary shares at the initial public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.
  • · The company qualifies as an emerging growth company and has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised financial accounting standards.
  • · The offering is a preliminary prospectus subject to completion, and no securities may be sold until the registration statement is declared effective by the SEC.

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